Bandwidth = pipe WIDTH (maximum capacity)
Speed = data flow rate at this moment
Throughput = what actually arrives after overhead
Mbps = megabits/sec (ISPs, speed tests)
MBps = megabytes/sec (download managers, OS)
1 MBps = 8 Mbps
Fiber (Google, AT&T, Fios): Same up & down
1 Gbps fiber = 940 Mbps down = 930 Mbps up ✅
Cable (Xfinity, Spectrum): Upload 5-10x slower
1 Gbps cable = 900 Mbps down / 35 Mbps up ⚠️
Low upload isn't a problem — it's the technology design.
Above 80% of plan (Ethernet, off-peak) = ✅ normal
Below 70% consistently = ⚠️ investigate
Below 60% via Ethernet, off-peak = ❌ contact ISP
Morning vs evening gap over 30% = congested shared network.
Document results over 3-5 days before calling ISP.
15 seconds. All 5 metrics. Cloudflare neutral network. No signup.